Welding Technology By Little Pdf Free Download !!HOT!!
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Abstract:When a laser is used, heat is generated through optical absorption of the laser beam by the welding surface. When the laser is focused at the welding surface, the area of the laser beam only penetrates a few microns at the substrate surface. The heat generated during laser welding is transmitted to the weld area through the substrate. For laser welding, many factors have to be considered. The welding power must be low to prevent excessive heating of the substrate and the weld area. The welding time must be long to compensate for the low welding power and obtain a strong weld. Larger welding spots can be obtained with higher output laser. The heat affected zone (HAZ) is the region in the substrate which experiences a change in chemical or physical properties from the weld spot. This change is due to the heat from the laser which causes thermal shock and molecular motion of the material. The HAZ is generally found to be a few microns from the weld spot and is not always observed. The HAZ is influenced by the weld parameters and the type of materials being welded. The HAZ has been measured for all types of materials and welds using a variety of techniques. When a laser is used, heat is generated through optical absorption of the laser beam by the welding surface. When the laser is focused at the welding surface, the area of the laser beam only penetrates a few microns at the substrate surface. The heat generated during laser welding is transmitted to the weld area through the substrate. For laser welding, many factors have to be considered. The welding power must be low to prevent excessive heating of the substrate and the weld area. The welding time must be long to compensate for the low welding power and obtain a strong weld. Larger welding spots can be obtained with higher output laser. The heat affected zone (HAZ) is the region in the substrate which experiences a change in chemical or physical properties from the weld spot. This change is due to the heat from the laser which causes thermal shock and molecular motion of the material. The HAZ is generally found to be a few microns from the weld spot and is not always observed. The HAZ is influenced by the weld parameters and the type of materials being welded. The HAZ has been measured for all types of materials and welds using a variety of techniques. When a laser is used, heat is generated through optical absorption of the laser beam by the welding surface.
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